Polymer Science
Have you ever wondered about the term ‘Engineering Thermoplastic’? Today it is conveniently applied to certain families of thermoplastics which have a higher performance than the group of thermoplastics labelled ‘Commodity Thermoplastics’.
By performance we imply superior properties for more demanding applications, in particular mechanical strength and resistance to impact, heat and chemicals. The distinction between the two groups also refers to production volume and price.
The workhorses of the Engineering Thermoplastics are the polyamides (PA 6, PA66), polyesters (PET, PBT), polycarbonate (PC), polyacetals (POM) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), which are applied extensively in automotive, electronics and other industrial sectors.
However the term Engineering Thermoplastic should not be interpreted as plastics exclusive to solving engineering problems because some of the commodity thermoplastics can offer a cost effective solution to engineering problems. Think about the use of high-density polyethylene in gas transmission pipes, polypropylene in geotextiles and PVC in chemical storage vessels.
The secret of improved performance lies in the chemical structure of the base polymer, but we should not forget the role that additives play in enhancing the properties of engineering thermoplastics. Incorporation of glass fibre not only increases stiffness values by a factor of four but can also increase heat distortion temperatures by 100°C and significantly reduce mould shrinkage and dimensional instability.